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Important Traders in Brunei
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Trading Partners
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Trading Items
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Exports Items
(Things sold to other country)
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Imports Items
(Things brought from other country)
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Sultan
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Important Officials
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China
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India
·
Arabia
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Cambodia
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Siam
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Pahang
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Java
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Sumatera
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The Moluccas
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Mindanao
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Malacca
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Jungle products:
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Camphor
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Rattan
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Sandalwood
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Gums
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Birds’ nests
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Feathers
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Hornbills
·
Brassware
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Cloth
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Luxury (expensive) items:
-
Ceramics
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Textile
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Brassware
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| In the 17th and 18th centuries, the English and Dutch arrived and begn colonising much of Southeast Asia including Brunei. In 1906, Brunei became a British Protectorate where export trade system based on shipping out raw materials from one to another European countries. |
Economic Development
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Coal
industry
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Rubber
Industry
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Cutch
Industry
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·
In 1883,
coal concession was granted to William Cowie.
·
William Cowie later sold his rights to Charles
Brooke.
·
Two areas for coal mining were at:-
1. Brooketon
(Muara Town)
2. Buang
Tawar
·
Effects
of Coal Mining:-
1. Provided
employment opportunities for the local.
2. Economic
activity in Muara Town increased.
3. More
shops were opened.
·
After First World War, Brunei increased its
coal exports due to the increase of the price of coal.
·
Coal price fell when petrol was widely used.
·
Two reasons why Muara Town coal mine was
closed in 1924 were because of
mismanagement and low coal prices.
·
By 1925,
all coal mining activities in Brunei stopped.
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·
In the first half of the 20th
century, rubber was the main cash crop for export in Brunei.
·
In 1908,
rubber seedlins was first introduced in Brunei by Haju Mohammad Daud (a
Johore Malay)
·
Reason
for the growth of rubber:-
1. In
1890s, the world demand for rubber
increased because of the invention of motorcar.
·
Result- More rubber plantations were opened.
In Brunei, rubber was grown in both large estates (owned by European
companies) of over 1000 acres and small holdings of about one acre.
·
In the early years of rubber cultivation, the
Temburong District produced the highest output.
·
Brunei first exported its rubber in 1914 mainly
to Britain and the United States of America.
·
Reason
for the decline (fell) of rubber:-
1. Fell
in the demand of motorcar industry led to the decrease demand for rubber.
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·
In the early 20th century, Cutch
was the main export of Brunei.
·
Cutch was used mainly by fishermen.
·
During Sultan Hashims’s reign, The Island
Trading Syndicate was given the monopoly for the manufacture of cutch. It
opened its factory in 1901 at Subok.
·
Most of the workers came from Kg Ayer
and around Brunei Town.
·
Cutch became the main product of Brunei Town.
·
Cutch was sold to Britain, the United States
of America, Japan and China.
·
Reasons
for the decline of cutch in the earl 1930s:-
1.
Inconsistent world demand for cutch.
2.
Insufficient supply of the bark.
3.
Difficulties in transporting the barks to the
factory.
4.
Shortage of labour.
5.
Government restrictions on production.
·
In 1938,
cutch production was drastically reduced because it was no longer
profitable.
·
When the Japanese occupied Brunei in 1941, the cutch factory was partially
closed down.
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| Cutch made from boiling the bark of the mangrove tree |
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| The entrance of a coal mine in Muara town |
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| Sap from the rubber tree is used to make latex or rubber |
